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Genetic factors influencing the characteristic facial features of people with psychical disorders
Frajbišová, Aneta ; Šolc, Roman (advisor) ; Kočandrlová, Karolina (referee)
The facial part of the head of the embryo is formed alongside with the brain from the same precursors. The face is formed from the neural crest cells, which arise from the neuroepithelium. This means that if there is some kind of disruption in the early development of the brain, it will be shown in the face. The neuroepithelium induces the expression of many important genetic factors for the formation of the face. For example PAX3, Dsl-1, HMGN1. However, environmental factors also have an impact on the final look of the face. The environmental factors are for example diet or the way of breathing. Persons with the syndromatic psychic disorders have well known and researched facial morphology compared to persons with asyndromatic psychic disorders such as schizophrenia, ASD, OCD and bipolar disorder, which are still the object of many studies. Genetic factors that have an impact on facial dysmorphology, are usually genes that have their main role in the central nervous system or they indirectly impact through signalling pathways on other genes, which are known to have an impact on the face such as Fgf genes. The goal of this thesis is to determine these genetic factors.
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Effects of memantine and riluzole on learning deficits in an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder induced by 8-OH-DPAT sensitization
Mainerová, Karolína ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Kelemen, Eduard (referee)
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a chronic psychiatric disease. It seriously limits the quality of life of patients. Treatment of OCD is not yet fully successful and still many patients are left with debilitating symptoms without functioning medication. Animal models of genetic, behavioral, pharmacological, and optogenetic origins are beneficial in the achievement of new understandings of the disease. Chronic sensitization of serotonin 1A and 7-receptors with an agonist 8-OH-DPAT ((8- hydroxy-2-(di-propylamino)-tetralin hydrobromide) induces perseverative and compulsive behaviors, which is considered to constitute an animal model of OCD. In this thesis, the 8-OH- DPAT model has been tested in the active place avoidance task on Carousel maze to provide information about the model on learning. Second, this model is used to determine, whether co- administration of memantine or riluzole alleviates the cognitive and learning deficits of this model. To uncover these effects, an active place avoidance task on a Carousel maze was used. Measured criteria were total distance, entrances to the shock sector, total number of shocks, and median speed after the shock. During habituation, the animals were sensitized to 8-OH-DPAT (with a control group that did not receive 8-OH-DPAT but only saline). In an...
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Vliv klomipraminu a risperidonu na učení a flexibilitu u animálního modelu obsedantně kompulzivní poruchy
Radostová, Dominika ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Kopřivová, Jana (referee)
Chronic sensitization of dopamine D2/D3 receptors by agonist quinpirole (QNP) induces compulsive checking behaviour in rats, which is considered an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Previous study revealed deficit in cognitive flexibility in QNP sensitized rats. This thesis focused on determining if this cognitive flexibility deficit is ameliorated by co-administration of clomipramine (CMI), risperidone (RIS) or combination of both (CMI+RIS) to QNP treatment. Aversively motivated active place avoidance task on a Carousel maze with reversal was used. The number of entrances into a to-be-avoided shock sector was evaluated as measure of performance. Six treatment groups were used: control group, QNP group, CMI group, QNP/CMI combination, QNP/RIS combination and QNP/CMI/RIS combination. Surprisingly, when compared alone, significantly worse acquisition was observed for QNP group compared to control group. However, similarly to previous study, QNP group had a worse performance in a first reversal session compared to control group. When all groups were compared, only QNP/CMI group had worse initial learning compared to control group. In reversal learning, only QNP treated group had a significantly more entrances than control group in first reversal session. Results suggest that co-treatment...
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Effects of memantine and riluzole on learning deficits in an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder induced by 8-OH-DPAT sensitization
Mainerová, Karolína ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Kelemen, Eduard (referee)
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a chronic psychiatric disease. It seriously limits the quality of life of patients. Treatment of OCD is not yet fully successful and still many patients are left with debilitating symptoms without functioning medication. Animal models of genetic, behavioral, pharmacological, and optogenetic origins are beneficial in the achievement of new understandings of the disease. Chronic sensitization of serotonin 1A and 7-receptors with an agonist 8-OH-DPAT ((8- hydroxy-2-(di-propylamino)-tetralin hydrobromide) induces perseverative and compulsive behaviors, which is considered to constitute an animal model of OCD. In this thesis, the 8-OH- DPAT model has been tested in the active place avoidance task on Carousel maze to provide information about the model on learning. Second, this model is used to determine, whether co- administration of memantine or riluzole alleviates the cognitive and learning deficits of this model. To uncover these effects, an active place avoidance task on a Carousel maze was used. Measured criteria were total distance, entrances to the shock sector, total number of shocks, and median speed after the shock. During habituation, the animals were sensitized to 8-OH-DPAT (with a control group that did not receive 8-OH-DPAT but only saline). In an...
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Vliv klomipraminu a risperidonu na učení a flexibilitu u animálního modelu obsedantně kompulzivní poruchy
Radostová, Dominika ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Kopřivová, Jana (referee)
Chronic sensitization of dopamine D2/D3 receptors by agonist quinpirole (QNP) induces compulsive checking behaviour in rats, which is considered an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Previous study revealed deficit in cognitive flexibility in QNP sensitized rats. This thesis focused on determining if this cognitive flexibility deficit is ameliorated by co-administration of clomipramine (CMI), risperidone (RIS) or combination of both (CMI+RIS) to QNP treatment. Aversively motivated active place avoidance task on a Carousel maze with reversal was used. The number of entrances into a to-be-avoided shock sector was evaluated as measure of performance. Six treatment groups were used: control group, QNP group, CMI group, QNP/CMI combination, QNP/RIS combination and QNP/CMI/RIS combination. Surprisingly, when compared alone, significantly worse acquisition was observed for QNP group compared to control group. However, similarly to previous study, QNP group had a worse performance in a first reversal session compared to control group. When all groups were compared, only QNP/CMI group had worse initial learning compared to control group. In reversal learning, only QNP treated group had a significantly more entrances than control group in first reversal session. Results suggest that co-treatment...
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